Class Systems in Ancient History Essay Example For Students

Class Systems in Ancient History: Essay Throughout all of ancient history there have been three prominent civilizations that rose and fell but offered something in common unlike any other- class systems. These historical societies were the Hindus, Egyptians and Mesopotamians. Though all from separate coordinates of the world and all forming historical and heritage differences. Commonly, they shared many of the same characteristics and significant pieces. However, as they all shared, they also all had their differences which will all be defined in this essay. During the Rig Veda, (the oldest written text) the Hindu cast system was established. The Hindus were the only society to have such established and meaningful classes that were based as powerful as the law in our very own society. Four separate levels of social standing were used with an additional class outside of the system. This class was the untouchables, the lowest of class with no power what so ever. Working its way up from servants to peasants, warriors and the last and most powerful being priests and royalty. The Hindus set up their city so that the most powerful (priest) would be closest to the center of the city nearest the temples of worship. Each step down lived farther away. A common rule for many civilizations and religions (although not as strict in others) was the prohibition of marriages between separate classes. Although this was the case, anyone from a higher class could choose to marry someone of a lower class, such as a peasant marrying a servant but a servant co uld not marry a peasant. As far as the untouchables, they were so low they hardly even recognized as part of society. The untouchables were also considered the outcasts and received the worst jobs of society often being burial duty. Similarly, in Mesopotamian culture there were three classes of people. The highest class starting at Nobles, Commoners were in the middle and then came Slaves, the lowest. In this civilization, the people were ruled by The Law Code of Hammurabi. This code was written to provide a safe, sane and prosperous society. The first and most important document was made to protect the family. Second of importance came the land of which they lived on. The third most important was the provision of commerce and business. When a lower person of the system committed a crime against a higher-class person the penalty was strictly enforced, often times with death being the circumstance. Crimes that were committed in the opposite of order by higher class person were not enforced nearly as brutally. Often times when this took place, it was just as if no one ever saw it happen. The slaves were much like the outcasts or untouchables that did all of the dirty work that no one else wanted to do. The slaves themselves also broke into three separate categories. For the kings, there were slaves which were subjected to very severe labor often building temples. Slaves that worked for the nobles or preists were often times women spinning yarn to make clothes. Also, commoners had slaves work for them doing daily chores such as plowing fields. Four different class systems made up the Egyptian society. Although the King was the highest as usual, he was also seen by all of society as a God. Next down from the King comes nobles, second commoners and then slaves. Such as in Mesopotamian society, slaves also would work for the kings building temples. Since the King was the only law and justice who chose what was wrong and right there was no need for a written law such as Mesopotamias Code of Hammurabi. At one time, the King was the only soul that was able to achieve life after death but within time the nobles could and then eventually all Egyptians were able to reach absolute eternity. Some kings were buried in mestabas that were tombs filled with hieroglyphs, food and jewels meant to give the King a extraordinary afterlife. The first example of this in Egyptian history was Zosers Step Pyramid, made by architect Imhotep. (Just a bit of knowledge from my Architectural History class!) The three of these separate civilizations all share the same characteristics in that they have at least three or more different classes. Similarly, the highest class, whether it be a king, noble or priest would rule over each civilization and sometimes even create the law to follow. Commoners, warriors or peasants would most often always be the working class. Lowest and least powerful would be servants, untouchables or slaves always being the poor class of every society. Basically, history has played its role in class-systems and has developed into what we now call ordered society.

What are schools for

One of the most outstanding differences in these two categories of students is evident when each of the group is asked questions regarding certain visual learning aid. One of the groups remains unresponsive and passive. It is only one learner out of the entire group that raised his hand not to answer the question but rather to seek clarification from the teacher on what the latter had requested them to do.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What are schools for? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When activity cards were used and followed by questions, the very students remained unresponsive and full of anxiety. They remained tense and rigid throughout the lesson. The learning process usually aims at acquisition of right knowledge that can enable students to excel in their exams. When students in the first group were taken through creative activities as part of using illustrations and develo0ping an interactive lesson , they lacked confidence in their final work because of the fear of being judged. For instance, when presenting their creative work, they were filled with fear of ending up in mistakes and they were intensely worried about their academic performance rather than their prowess in other skills. On the other hand, students in group two demonstrated overwhelming willingness to interact with their teacher compared to those in the first group explored above. In addition, there was limited or invisible element of fear in the learning process. They identified easily with the visual aids presented to them. Moreover, in terms of new ideas that were being presented to them, they were apparently not afraid. Furthermore, this group of students was allowed to exploit their talents and this made learning experience interesting for them. They seemed to participate actively without anxiety, rigidity and fear of presenting their ideas and they were not afraid to make mistakes. They were also actively involved in problem solving activities and were in a position to socialize freely with other students. Consequently, after school, they were allowed to move into streets with minimal restraint. As a result, they did not concentrate or put much effort in improving their grades. They were given time to play and when they went back to class; they seemed to participate actively in the learning process. Moreover, these students acquired problem skills and critical thinking and they were ready to face the challenge of life outside the school.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The existing difference between the two groups of students can be largely attributed to the environment of learning and the manner in which learning process is initiated. While it may be prudent to appreciated individual differences among students, it is also worthy to note that a well coordinated learning environment is a crucial factor in determination of both skill/knowledge acquisition as well as academic performance. Furthermore, the differences can be attributed to the element of motivation. Students in the first group apparently lacked motivation and this made them not to be actively involved in the learning process. Their perception of learning process was completely different from that of the second group since they viewed it as a mere strategy of passing exams. Nonetheless, the more likely explanation is the element of motivation bearing in mind that motivational strategies assist in capturing the interest of students in addition to fully engaging them in the learning process. Moreover, visual aids do not only keep students active but also encourage them to participate actively in class since they are not afraid of making mistakes. Contrastingly, the most unlikely explanation is the learning experience or environment. This may be attributed to the fact that even though students were prese nted with visual aids, both groups were not equally motivated (Simon Fraser University par. 3). The school provided me with learning experiences that were appropriate. This enabled me to develop as well as grow as a thoughtful adult. For instance, through the available education programs, every student was given the chance to develop and nurture both attitude and knowledge in addition to skills. It is imperative to note that the latter ideals will definitely enable everyone to become a thoughtful adult (Boyer 58). Through this, every student is in a position to become not only a consumer but also a family member, a responsible citizen, a producer and thoughtful individual. Indeed, I am not an exception in these gainful returns of acquiring the right knowledge and skills. In addition, due to the fact that the schools do teach both morality and virtue, I became so thoughtful in principles such as justice, truth and reality and thus becoming a responsible citizen who loves and cares fo r humanity in addition to being industrious in character.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What are schools for? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, being thoughtful requires one to gain necessary skills that will enable him or her to work towards positive transformation of society. It is against this backdrop that elementary education enabled me to be thoughtful in doing the same with affection (Postman Weingartne 59). In the half unit titled â€Å"essentials and benefits of the free enterprise system†, I learnt to value the importance of cooperating with other people. This assisted me towards attaining better understanding of my worth and also be able to apply the same not only within the school environment but also to society as a whole. Moreover, elementary learning experience taken me through a learning process out of which I acquired the right skills and knowledge that enabled me be resili ent in life and become an independent adult after school. I learnt the basics of life skills that were bound with both ethical and cultural body. The knowledge I acquired was delivered in a coherent manner that enhanced and greatly improved my critical thinking skills. In my opinion, I suppose schools should assist students in developing potential ability to think critically in addition to communicating in an effective manner. As a matter of fact, the ability to communicate coherently is an important return that should be accrued by each learner in the process of acquiring knowledge. Emphatically, high school education should assist students in gaining knowledge not only about their human heritage but also be able to survive independently in the world. The schools have successfully delivered the same by developing a core curriculum that is based on real life experience (Boyer 67). Moreover, schools should aim at preparing students for both further education and work. However, school s have managed to attain this by developing elective programs that develop students’ interests and aptitudes within and outside school community (Boyer 67). Finally, schools should aim at assisting students in not only fulfilling their social duties but also civic ones. So far, schools have achieved this through community and school services programs. Hence, schools act as important threshold towards positive development of both society and immediate community.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Boyer, Ernest. Four essential goals in High school: A report on secondary education in America. New York: Harper Row, 1983. Postman, Neil Weingartner, Charles. What’s worth knowing? In Teaching as a subversive activity. New York: Dell. 1969. Simon Fraser University. The Gifted Can’t Weigh That Giraffe. 2011. Web. This essay on What are schools for? was written and submitted by user Adele O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien

The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien Free Online Research Papers â€Å"The Things They Carried†, written by Tim O’Brien, refers to the burdens, both seen and unseen, that soldiers in the Vietnam War carried everyday. These burdens were many and varied emotional, physical, mental and personal. Some were short term and some are still carried today, even after thirty years. To understand this story better the reader must first fully understand the meaning of the word burden: Bearing a load; something oppressive or worrisome, something that is carried. The men in this story carried all types of burdens, weapons, photos and the kind that cannot be seen. The story is told using the event surrounding the death of platoon member Ted Lavender. Ted Lavender is shot because of the lax manner in which Lt John Cross leads his men. He does not ensure that they are doing all they should to remain as safe as possible. He allows them to discard important gear and equipment (par. 39), he allows them to have and use drugs openly. Lt John Cross considers himself responsible for Ted Lavender’s death and blames his love for Martha, his friend and pen pal, as the reason he let Ted Lavender die. He likes to imagine that she loves him but knows she does not (par. 1). He carries a love for her despite her lack of return love. He carried it forefront in his mind to the point of total distraction (par. 21). When Ted Lavender was killed Lt John Cross was thinking about Martha instead of thinking about the security of his men (par. 21). The security of his men was, in part, determined by the tools of war they carried, the M-16s, ammunition, knives, helmets and M-79 grenade launchers. Tools used as the means to seek the death and destruction of others. These burdens are the material items needed to close with, engage and destroy the enemy before they do the same to you. These items are the physical burdens each carried (par. 12), the heavy cumbersome often awkward gear. Gear designed for three basic reasons: to find the enemy; for instance the compass and map (par. 91), to survive; the C-rations and flak vest (par.2,), and to kill the enemy; the M-16 and grenade(par. 10). These are not the only physical burdens these men carried (par. 10, 17) but are the most common and obvious. They also carried radios, bibles, comic books, weapons cleaning kits, drugs, hygiene gear, letters and photos, the list is almost endless. Each of these physical items had a specific purpose. When you are in the field, forced to carry everything you own yourself, each item you choose adds weight and makes your life harder. So these men only took what they believed was unavoidably needed for them to survive. The desire for survival was another type of burden carried by all. The weapons each carried in hopes of survival were many and varied, sometimes seeming absurd to an outsider. Lee Strunk’s slingshot, â€Å"a weapon of last resort†, Mitchell Sanders brass knuckle and Kiowa’s feathered hatchet. All these items, and many more, were carried by the soldiers to give them the hope of survival. The bandages each carried with them, â€Å"often in their head bands for easy availability,† were signs of their hope. The first aid equipment carried by Rat Kiley was another. Thoughts of flying home on the â€Å"freedom bird† its shining silver wings carrying them away from all the burdens they faced in Vietnam. Those thoughts of freedom were possibly the hardest burden, wondering everyday if they would be allowed to survive to get on that plane home. The burdens that were hidden were often the hardest to endure. The guilt of survival, often came out as callousness and cruelness. The emotionless way Kiowa talks about Lavenders death is a sign of the guilt and hurt that is hidden deep down. They carried fear, fear of death, fear of failing, fear of being a coward. They carried memories, memories of death and gruesome things. Kiowa could not escape the sight and memory of seeing Lavender shot. The death and gruesome things these men endured were shared by all. The reader can easily miss the larger things these soldiers carried and still do carry. For these things are almost hidden in this story and some are just implied. Short lines like, â€Å"They all carried ghosts†(par. 16), â€Å"They shared the weight of memory† (par. 39), â€Å"They carried their own lives† (par. 39), â€Å"the unweighed fear† (par. 10) can be easily missed or overlook by the reader. These however, tell of deeper things, things not spoken of except in unguarded moments. The implication of hidden burdens is also found when the author explains the irrational thoughts running through his head when searching a tunnel. These thoughts are not easily laid down and are not easily seen, even by those that are carrying them. â€Å"Imagination is a killer† (par. 17) tells us that sometimes what is imagined is worse than the reality we face. Some of their burdens were ways to imagine an escape, a way to pretend, if only for a moment, that you were not here or things were not that bad. Lt Cross escaped to the fantasy of Martha. Ted Lavender used drugs to escape and, Dave Jensen escaped with cleanliness, as if being clean made his being there bearable. Rat Kiley read comic books, and they all escaped through words. All of them used harsh humor and callous behavior to escape the emotional burden they each carried. They escaped by pretending, pretending they weren’t scared or making light of the terrible things they and others had to do for survival. These men carried the burden of not knowing why they were there and what purpose they served. â€Å"We were left on our own to figure it out by ourselves(Overton, â€Å"Huntsville†).sThey trudged day and night through heat and dust and rain and fog, the entire time searching. They did not know for who or what they searched. They only knew two things for certain, tomorrow they would search again and they would be carrying the same burdens as today, possibly more. These men carried more than anyone who was not with them could ever imagine. They carried the land and the people, they carried the hate of two nations as well as the hope of two nations. (Palmer, â€Å"Victory†) They were men called to arms by their country, wrong or right, to defend her against a perceived threat. Two-thirds of the men who served in Vietnam were volunteers (Rouch, â€Å"Statistics†). They were the men that were sent into harms way in the hope of making the world a better place, making all men more free. These men carried with them the burden of separation from all they knew and loved and all that loved them. There is little that can be said other than these men had a burden thrust upon them that was not wanted and was not asked for, yet they bore this in large part without complaint. This is a short story told by the author, a veteran himself, as a release of the burdens he carried (Friedlander, â€Å"Metafiction†) and to attempt to help others release their’s also. He told this story not for me and not for you but for the men that were there and still carry these unseen heavy burdens of survival. Friedlander, Michele. Metafiction and O’Brien’s â€Å"The Things They Carried†. http://core.ecu.edu/engl/whisnantl/4300/michele.htm. (2000) March 2010 Overton, Patrick. excerpt; Huntsville Memorial Dedication (Memorial Day, 1994). Regarding War, pbs.org/pov/stories/vietnam/story.html. March 2010 Palmer, Christian. Victory at Last, Devil’s Tale. http://cronkitezine.asu.edu/ spring2004/vietnam.html. March 2010. Rouch, Gary, Statistics about the Vietnam War, Vietnam Helicopter Flight Crew Network, vhfcn.org/stat.html, 02 June 2008. March 2010. Research Papers on "The Things They Carried" by Tim O'BrienArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsGenetic EngineeringMind TravelHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayQuebec and CanadaBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionWhere Wild and West Meet

What Makes Advertising Effective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

What Makes Advertising Effective - Essay Example To make the mind of the customer orient towards the product and importantly entice, push them or even ‘seduce’ them to make the buying decision, advertising plays a key role. To achieve that for an organization, the entire marketing department in association with other departments will initiate various marketing strategies. Among the many marketing strategies, advertising occupies a prominent role. â€Å"Advertising plays a very important role in the marketing process. It increases the consumption of a particular product or service and reinforces the image of the brands, by continuously raising awareness† (Blurt It). For a successful marketing strategies and importantly to come up with effective advertising campaigns, it is of great importance to first find out and focus on the mental state and the resultant behaviors that will be shown by the prospective customers before they makes the crucial buying decision. So, one of the key aspects of coming up with an effec tive advertising campaign is understanding these mindsets of the customers. Then, the other key aspects will be the creativity, shock factors and other enticing factors featured in the advertisements. Among these factors, one of the key factors that make advertising not only a roaring success and also makes an in-depth impact on the customers is the emotion aspects featured in the advertisements. So, this paper will discuss the aspects that makes advertising an effective at the same time a successful one, particularly how the incorporation of emotional elements can make the advertisements optimally effective. Advertising is a way of attempting to persuade the audience in order to purchase a certain product or service. It is a way of communicating in order to encourage the audience to continue using or buy a new product or service. It can be a way of informing or reassuring the employees or shareholders of a certain company that it is still feasible and thriving. Advertisers use the mass media including newspapers, television, radio, magazines, or posters in order to reach the intended audience. New ways of advertising include the use of mails, websites, and text messages. â€Å"Advertisements appear in many various forms and across all media (new and traditional). They are, basically, short messages inserted into the flow of a broadcast programme, or in a magazine or newspaper.† (MacRury 2009). The pattern of the advertisements will differ according to the purposes and the product or service, which has to be advertised. However, there is a common pattern. This was also pointed out by MacRury (2009) who state Advertisements â€Å"invite the audience to consider the advertising proposition (for 30 seconds during the 'break', or as their eyes drift over a story feature towards a half-page photograph) — a commercial 'interlude' to the main media communication — and against the flow of other advertising communications†. One of the basic aspects which will make the advertisements effective is, understanding the targeted customers’ background, particularly the cultural aspects and come up with in ad campaign. Studies â€Å"have prioritised the psychological, social and cultural contexts within which consumers relate to commercial information and the roles that marketing media play in their lives† (Aitken, Gray and Lawson 2008). As per these studies, people get influenced by marketing strategies based on their cultural background and hence the consumer is actually the focal point of an advertisement and not the advertisement itself per se. Effective advertisi

Left side right side Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Left side right side - Essay Example I discovered that the political system was an important party of society. Because of the multi-party system, the average person on the street can fight for and protect their basic human rights. On the other hand, living under a political system where one party dominates can be tough. The people’s rights are not respected because the party controls everything. The Internet has become a vital part of the younger generation. Nowadays, corruption cases can be exposed by the Internet and sent around the world. The Internet is the gateway for the proclamation of truth. One great example is the story commonly known as â€Å"My father is Li Gang.† Li Ai is the son of Li Gang. One day, when Li Ai was driving his flash car, he crashed into a small girl and killed her. There were some people who knew what he had done. However, Li Ai said â€Å"my father is Li Gang, the head of the police. I will be fine.† I believed what he said because no one would find out about it. But, the Internet is the perfect tool to help publicize issues like this. If we did not have the Internet, would we have even found out about this story? A scarier thought is how many people get away with actions like this because they are protected by powerful people? The root of all our social problems is our political system. A one party state often contains many weak points. As I have lived in a one party state for 19 years, I really doubt if this system is the right way to go. I have spent the last two years studying in America and now really support a multi-party system. A multi-party system allows freedom of expression and considers human rights. Greater party representation means more competition, and more competition satisfies the people’s needs and wants. The people can freely choose to support the party that they think will benefit them the most. In the opposite way, a one party state can make decisions all by themselves. In

Failed Intelligence Adaptation Essay Example for Free

Failed Intelligence Adaptation Essay Intelligence analysts must seek to understand the adversary’s thought process, and should develop and continuously refine their ability to think like the adversary. Recent history like that what happened in the 9/11 attack in the United States soil proved that the analysts tasked to undertake the information analysis on Al-Qaeda had been surprised and committed intelligence failure.   Comparisons of the attack on the trade towers with the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor have often suggested that the adversaries on these occasions might have been pushed to make desperate moves. But the signs leading up to 9/11 were ignored for at least three of the same reasons that the Japanese were able to catch the U.S. Pacific fleet at anchor on the morning of 7 December, 1941—good intelligence indicators lost in the noise of disinformation; a belief that the enemy lacked the technical capacity to undertake the action; finally, mirror imaging, the assumption on the part of the intelligence consumer that the action undertaken was unlikely because it was illogical. (Porch D. and Wirtz, J.J.) Noise becomes a problem especially when intelligence services have overlapping mandates, are competitive and therefore fail to cooperate to share and analyze information, or believe that the other service has a special responsibility for the collection of a particular type of intelligence. A second factor in intelligence surprise occurs when the technological capabilities of the enemy are underestimated. The final cause of intelligence surprise is mirror-imaging—the belief that the perpetrators will not carry out a particular act because the defender, in their place, would not do it. (Porch D. and Wirtz, J.J.) The above factors reflect that the Principle of Joint Intelligence stating that â€Å"Unity of intelligence effort must be ensured†, was not fully realized.  Ã‚   For a particular area of interest, there should be unity of intelligence effort to ensure complete, accurate, and current intelligence to develop the best possible understanding of the adversary and the situation, and to reduce unnecessary redundancy and duplication (fas.org). Reference Porch, D. and Wirtz J.J. â€Å"Strategic Insight: Surprise and Intelligence Failure†. Sept. 6, 2002. Retrieved June 30, 2009.http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/rsepResources/si/sept02/homeland.asp â€Å"Joint Intelligence Principles†. Retrieved June 30, 2009. http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/dod/jp2-0/j2-0ch4.htm

Responsibilities of the Human Resources Department :: Human Resources Essays

It is the responsibility of the human resources department to ensure that the organisation recruits the correct staff and that the staffs are trained to ensure that the business meets its aims and annual targets. Our function is absolutely central to the success of the business. Sometimes in human resources there has to be disciplinary for staff and termination of contracts. What is important is that all staff members are treated fairly and in line with company policy. The Human Resources Department are responsible for four main functions: Ø Human Resources Planning Ø Recruitment and Selection Ø Training and Development Ø Performance Management. (Needham and Dransfield, 2000) Human resources planning- is a critical part of any manager's job. To guarantee a fully staffed business of productive employees, managers must take the time to plan how their organisation should be structured, establish the grade level and types of employees needed to meet the organisation's aims, regard the employees' developmental requirements, and take into account probable changes due to workload shifts. (www.web.lmi.org/acqbook/planning/, 2003) To avoid staff losses a plan should be presented in advance for long-term absences due to training or medical needs and the time needed to fill important positions. Although it is difficult to anticipate specific losses, overall patterns can be recognized. The manager should consider typical patterns of separation, such as retirements and turnover, in their workforce planning. (www.web.lmi.org/acqbook/planning/, 2003) Effective workforce planning will help predict the human resource needs of the organisation, including long and short-term skills recruitment needs, training and development needs, restructuring, outsourcing, and diversity opportunities. (www.web.lmi.org/acqbook/planning/, 2003) Recruitment and Selection- is the ongoing process of marketing, locating, and attracting high-quality candidates to meet current and anticipated employment needs. Recruiting is everyone's responsibility, including employees, managers, supervisors, and personnel specialists. A formal recruitment program requires the full support of both personnel and functional managers. Regardless of the type of position to be filled, every recruitment